Authoritative vs Authoritarian Parenting Styles [Infographic]

Authoritative vs Authoritarian Parenting

Authoritative and authoritarian sound pretty similar. These two parenting styles in psychology both imply authority. However, although their names are similar, they have completely different principles and effects on children.

Authoritative and authoritarian parenting are the two most common parenting styles in the United States.

Here is the difference between authoritarian and authoritative parenting in characteristics.

Parental Warmth

Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely warm, nurturing, and responsive.

According to Attachment Theory, developed by psychologist Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s, responsive parenting creates secure attachment in the child.

Children with secure attachments are happier and healthier. Many studies confirm that compared with the children of authoritarian parents, the children of authoritative parents are indeed more content^​1​.

Because authoritative parents are responsive to their children’s emotional needs, kids from authoritative families have good emotional control. They develop resilience and can recuperate quickly from setbacks.

Unlike authoritative parents, authoritarian parents are the opposite regarding warmth and responsiveness. Authoritarian parents are cold and non-responsive. They view children’s sensitive emotions as a weakness and suppress them.

Freedom

Authoritative parents allow their kids to seek autonomy and independence. Instead of tight control, they closely monitor their children’s behavior and correct them as needed.

Studies show that parental monitoring substantially reduces a child’s risk of antisocial behavior, delinquency, and drug abuse^​2​. Parental monitoring is most likely effective and healthy when in a warm and supportive relationship.

Authoritative parents also involve their children in making decisions for the family. Bidirectional communication is encouraged.

On the other hand, authoritarian parents discourage independence-seeking. They do not involve children in decision-making. Kids are given orders instead of requests from their parents.

Rules

Both authoritative and authoritarian parents are strict and have high expectations of their kids.

Authoritative parents are strict and warm, while authoritarian parents are strict and cold.

Authoritative parents discuss and explain rules to their children. They are open to give-and-take discussions and will modify rules if appropriate.

Children are taught to think critically about the reasons behind each rule. Because kids with authoritative parents can speak their minds and participate in decision-making, they are more assertive and have higher self-esteem.

Authoritarian parents only allow one-way communication. They use “because I said so” as the reason for the rules.

Children are expected to blindly obey without questions. They are not allowed to have or voice their opinions. Kids are often “seen but not heard”. Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be insecure and apprehensive.

Control

Both authoritative and authoritarian parents hold very high standards and control over their kids’ behavior.

However, authoritarian parents also impose tight psychological control over their kids. They believe that they are the authorities who are always right. Their kids need to accept their judgment and values at all times.

Authoritarian parents seem to worry about under-controlling their children. Therefore, they want to do the opposite but use the other extreme, i.e. become controlling parents to over-control their children.

Authoritarian parents rely on a child’s sense of fear toward the parents to exert psychological control.

Children whose parents use psychological control as a means of discipline are more likely to be submissive, apprehensive, and dependent. Some children fight to be free from such control resulting in externalizing behavior problems^​3​.

Discipline

Authoritative parents use non-punitive measures such as time-in and natural consequences to discipline.

Authoritarian parents favor punitive punishment.

Although authoritative parents allow children more freedom and autonomy, their standards are usually higher than authoritarian parents. They also follow through on the consequences more consistently.

Effects On Kids

Authoritative parenting results in better outcomes in children overall. The only exception is that some inconsistencies in school performance are found in other ethnic groups, such as African Americans and Asian Americans.

Having high standards and consistently enforcing limits may be why kids with authoritative parents achieve higher academic results^​4​.

Another factor for high academic performance is high parental involvement in authoritative parenting. Authoritative parents tend to monitor children’s homework and volunteer in their schools. Research has found that involvement by parents is directly linked to better school performance^​5​.

However, authoritarian parents also have high standards and enforce limits. Some are also very involved in the child’s schooling (e.g. Tiger mom parenting). This could potentially explain why, in some cultures, such as the Chinese, authoritarian parenting is associated with better grades.

However, authoritarian parents hold tight psychological control and favor punitive punishment for discipline. Despite academic success, kids with authoritarian parents are more depressed and have more mental issues^​1​.

Also see: How to recover from authoritarian parenting

References